Johannesburg, About Johannesburg, Information

johannesburg

Johannesburg (pronounced [jo'hɑnəsˌbʏrx]) also known as Jozi or Jo'burg, is the largest city in South Africa, and is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The city is one of the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the world and it is one of Africa's only two global cities, the other being Casablanca in Morocco. While Johannesburg does not form one of South Africa's three capital cities, it does house the Constitutional Court – South Africa's highest court.

Johannesburg is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of southern Africa.

According to the 2007 Community Survey, the population of the municipal city was 3,888,180 and the population of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area was 7,151,447. A broader definition of the Johannesburg metropolitan area, including the Ekhuruleni, the West Rand, Soweto and Lenasia, has a population of 10,267,700. The municipal city's land area of 1,645 square kilometers (635 sq mi) is very large when compared to other cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,123/sq mi).

Johannesburg once again includes Soweto, which was a separate city from the late 1970s through the 1990s. Originally an acronym for "SOuth-WEstern TOwnships", Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg populated mostly by native African workers in the gold mining industry. Eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, the apartheid regime (in power 1949 - 1994) separated Soweto from the rest of Johannesburg to make it a completely Black area. Lenasia is also part of Johannesburg.

Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former CBD is located on the south side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (Afrikaans: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the north and south. By and large the Witwatersrand marks the watershed between the Limpopo and Vaal rivers. The north and west of the city has undulating hills while the eastern parts are flatter.

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More information about South Africa:

South Africa

Johannesburg

Cape Town

The Garden Route

Cape West Coast

Kruger National Park

Augrabies Falls

Drakensberg

Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens

Cape Winelands & Stellenbosch

Sun City & Pilanesberg

South African Climate:

South Africa has a generally temperate climate, due in part to it being surrounded by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on three sides, by its location in the climatically milder southern hemisphere and due to the average elevation rising steadily towards the north (towards the equator) and further inland. Due to this varied topography and oceanic influence, a great variety of climatic zones exist. The climatic zones vary, from the extreme desert of the southern Namib in the farthest northwest to the lush subtropical climate in the east along the Mozambique border and the Indian ocean.

South African Safaris & Holidays from the Kruger Park, Sun City & the Pilanesberg to Cape Town & the Garden Route

Gauteng Province

Gauteng is growing rapidly due to mass urbanisation which is a feature of many developing countries. According to the State of the Cities Report, the urban portion of Gauteng – comprised primarily of the cities of Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni (the East Rand) and Tshwane (greater Pretoria) – will be a polycentric urban region with a projected population of some 14.6 million people by 2015.

The name Johannesburg

Controversy surrounds the origin of the name, as there were any number of people with the name "Johannes" who were involved in the early history of the city. The principal clerk attached to the office of the surveyor-general, Johannes Rissik, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, member of the Volksraad and the Republic's chief of mining, Paul Kruger, President of the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal) and founder of the Kruger National Park. Rissik and Joubert were members of a delegation sent to England to attain mining rights for the area.

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South Africa

The interior of South Africa is a vast, rather flat, and sparsely populated scrubland, Karoo, which is drier towards the northwest along the Namib desert. In contrast, the eastern coastline is lush and well-watered, which produces a climate similar to the tropics. The extreme southwest has a climate remarkably similar to that of the Mediterranean with wet winters and hot, dry summers, hosting the famous Fynbos Biome. This area also produces much of the wine in South Africa. This region is also particularly known for its wind, which blows intermittently almost all year. The severity of this wind made passing around the Cape of Good Hope particularly treacherous for sailors, causing many shipwrecks. Further east on the south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, producing a green landscape. This area is popularly known as the Garden Route.

The Free State is particularly flat due to the fact that it lies centrally on the high plateau. North of the Vaal River, the Highveld becomes better watered and does not experience subtropical extremes of heat. Johannesburg, in the centre of the Highveld, is at 1,740 metres (5,709 ft) and receives an annual rainfall of 760 millimetres (30 in). Winters in this region are cold, although snow is rare.

To the north of Johannesburg, the altitude drops beyond the escarpment of the Highveld, and turns into the lower lying Bushveld, an area of mixed dry forest and an abundance of wildlife. East of the Highveld, beyond the eastern escarpment, the Lowveld stretches towards the Indian ocean. It has particularly high temperatures, and is also the location of extended subtropical agriculture.

The high Drakensberg mountains, which form the south-eastern escarpment of the Highveld, offer limited skiing opportunities in winter. The coldest place in South Africa is Sutherland in the western Roggeveld Mountains, where midwinter temperatures can reach as low as −15 degrees Celsius (5 °F). The deep interior has the hottest temperatures: A temperature of 51.7 °C (125 °F) was recorded in 1948 in the Northern Cape Kalahari near Upington.

South Africa also has one possession, the small sub-Antarctic archipelago of the Prince Edward Islands, consisting of Marion Island (290 km²/112 sq mi) and Prince Edward Island (45 km²/17.3 sq mi) (not to be confused with the Canadian province of the same name).

South Africa is one of only 17 countries worldwide considered megadiverse. It has more than 20,000 different plants, or about 10% of all the known species of plants on Earth, making it particularly rich in plant biodiversity. South Africa is the 6th most biodiverse country, after Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, China, and Mexico. The most prevalent biome in South Africa is the grassland, particularly on the Highveld, where the plant cover is dominated by different grasses, low shrubs, and acacia trees, mainly camel-thorn and whitethorn. Vegetation becomes even more sparse towards the northwest due to low rainfall. There are several species of water-storing succulents like aloes and euphorbias in the very hot and dry Namaqualand area. The grass and thorn savannah turns slowly into a bush savannah towards the north-east of the country, with denser growth. There are significant numbers of baobab trees in this area, near the northern end of Kruger National Park.

The Fynbos Biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape floristic region, one of the six floral kingdoms, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, making it among the richest regions on earth in terms of floral biodiversity. The majority of the plants are evergreen hard-leaf plants with fine, needle-like leaves, such as the sclerophyllous plants. Another uniquely South African plant is the protea genus of flowering plants. There are around 130 different species of protea in South Africa.

While South Africa has a great wealth of flowering plants, it has few forests. Only 1% of South Africa is forest, almost exclusively in the humid coastal plain along the Indian Ocean in KwaZulu-Natal (see KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic). There are even smaller reserves of forests that are out of the reach of fire, known as montane forests (see Knysna-Amatole montane forests). Plantations of imported tree species are predominant, particularly the non-native eucalyptus and pine. South Africa has lost a large area of natural habitat in the last four decades, primarily due to overpopulation, sprawling development patterns and deforestation during the nineteenth century. South Africa is one of the worst affected countries in the world when it comes to invasion by alien species with many (e.g. Black Wattle, Port Jackson, Hakea, Lantana and Jacaranda) posing a significant threat to the native biodiversity and the already scarce water resources. The original temperate forest that met the first European settlers to South Africa was exploited ruthlessly until only small patches remained. Currently, South African hardwood trees like Real Yellowwood (Podocarpus latifolius), stinkwood (Ocotea bullata), and South African Black Ironwood (Olea laurifolia) are under government protection.

Numerous mammals are found in the bushveld habitats including lions, leopards, white rhinos, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamus and giraffes. A significant extent of the bushveld habitat exists in the north-east including Kruger National Park and the Mala Mala Reserve, as well as in the far north in the Waterberg Biosphere.

Climate change is expected to bring considerable warming and drying to much of this already semi-arid region, with greater frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, flooding and drought. According to computer generated climate modelling produced by the South African National Biodiversity Institute[40] parts of southern Africa will see an increase in temperature by about one degree Celsius along the coast to more than four degrees Celsius in the already hot hinterland such as the Northern Cape in late spring and summertime by 2050.

The Cape Floral Kingdom has been identified as one of the global biodiversity hotspots since it will be hit very hard by climate change and has such a great diversity of life. Drought, increased intensity and frequency of fire and climbing temperatures are expected to push many of these rare species towards extinction.

South Africa houses many endemic species, among them the critically endangered Riverine Rabbit (Bunolagus monticullaris) in the Karoo.

It may be argued that there is no "single" culture in South Africa because of its ethnic diversity. Today, the diversity in foods from many cultures is enjoyed by all and especially marketed to tourists who wish to sample the large variety of South African cuisine. In addition to food, music and dance feature prominently.

South African cuisine is heavily meat-based and has spawned the distinctively South African social gathering known as a braai, or barbecue. South Africa has also developed into a major wine producer, with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys around Stellenbosch, Franschoek, Paarl and Barrydale.

There is great diversity in music from South Africa. Many black musicians who sang in Afrikaans or English during apartheid have since begun to sing in traditional African languages, and have developed a unique style called Kwaito. Of note is Brenda Fassie, who launched to fame with her song "Weekend Special", which was sung in English. More famous traditional musicians include Ladysmith Black Mambazo, while the Soweto String Quartet performs classic music with an African flavour. White and Coloured South African singers are historically influenced by European musical styles including such western metal bands such as Seether (formerly Saron Gas). South Africa has produced world-famous jazz musicians, notably Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, Abdullah Ibrahim, Miriam Makeba, Jonathan Butler, Chris McGregor, and Sathima Bea Benjamin. Afrikaans music covers multiple genres, such as the contemporary Steve Hofmeyr and the punk rock band Fokofpolisiekar. Crossover artists such as Verity (internationally recognized for innovation in the music industry) and Johnny Clegg and his bands Juluka and Savuka have enjoyed various success underground, publicly, and abroad.

The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives. It is among these people, however, that cultural traditions survive most strongly; as blacks have become increasingly urbanised and westernised, aspects of traditional culture have declined. Urban blacks usually speak English or Afrikaans in addition to their native tongue. There are smaller but still significant groups of speakers of Khoisan languages who are not included in the eleven official languages, but are one of the eight other officially recognised languages. There are small groups of speakers of endangered languages, most of which are from the Khoi-San family, that receive no official status; however, some groups within South Africa are attempting to promote their use and revival.

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The South African Landscape

South Africa has such a diverse landscape and people and we are sure that we can show you the holiday of a lifetime in our country! South Africa is one of only 17 countries worldwide considered megadiverse. It has more than 20,000 different plants, or about 10% of all the known species of plants on Earth, making it particularly rich in plant biodiversity

Pilanesberg National Park

The Pilanesberg National Park is one of the most accessible South African game reserves. It is the 4th largest in the country and is set high in the Pilanesberg mountain range, traversing the floor of an ancient, long-extinct volcano. Pilanesberg features all the major mammal species including the Big 5 – lion, leopard, elephant, rhino and buffalo.

Sun City Casino

The Sun City Hotel and Casino has an ambience of glamour and sophistication. The bold design aspects combining with the dramatic setting of the resort in this remote area will be among your first impressions. It includes activities of all kinds, from indoor gambling to outdoor adventuring

The Augrabies Falls & Augrabies National Park

If you ever wonder why the Augrabies Falls are referred to by the local Khoi people as the place of great noise, then come and experience it yourself. And if you are lucky to find the Orange River overflowing, you will experience the full might of the water as it cascades thunderously down the 56m-high falls, producing such a deafening sound that you will not forget the experience even after you've left the place.

The Augrabies Falls South Africa, which is located 120km to the west of Upington in Northern Cape, is not the only attraction in this area. The falls is enclosed inside a park known as the Augrabies Falls National Park, giving you a chance to admire a variety of plant and animal species in their natural habitat.

Namaqualand

The Namaqualand dessert region of South Africa is world-famous for its stunning display of spring desert flowers. Found in the Northern Cape province, and ideal for hiking and driving tours, the area's exquisite natural beauty has to be seen to be believed.

Namaqualand's desert flowers are one of the most incredible spectacles in the world.

This arid desert area bursts into a spectacular and seemingly endless carpet of flowers come spring – this vast bloom happens roughly between August and October, depending on weather patterns – due to dormant seeds that lie in the dry earth for months waiting for the rains to descend.

The area stretches for approximately 500 kilometres north up the Cape coast and for 100 kilometres inland, and for most of the year it seems to be a dusty, flat and bleak semi-desert with diamonds as its only jewels.

But then, seemingly overnight, it becomes a veritable ocean of colour and scent.

Approximately 4 000 species of plants can be found here amongst the desert flowers of Namaqualand. Strange plants, such as the Namaqua Halfmens, dot the landscape, adding to its drama, while parks, like the Goegap and Hester Malan nature reserves, protect this unique and gorgeous landscape where more than 30 of South Africa's succulent plant species grow.

For a rugged travel experience visitors can embark on the 642 kilometre Namakwa 4x4 route, which runs along the Orange River to the ocean. The Richtersveld National Park in the Namaqualand's north-west corner, which is renowned for its Namaqualand desert flowers, also offers the country's largest mountain desert, which extends into Namibia.

The Namaqualand may be a desert for most of the year but its spectacle of spring flowers will stun even the most jaded traveller.

The desert flowers of Namaqualand typically bloom in late winter and early spring, a period lasting roughly from late August to October.

The Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens

Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden truly deserves being the largest of South Africa's 8 national gardens and one of the world's leading botanical gardens, with its stunning scenery and themed gardens such as the Fragrance Garden and the Medicinal Garden. This natural attraction is a must-see on the itinerary of anyone visiting Cape Town.

On your itinerary to Cape Town, include the Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, not only for its spectacular view of the nearby Table Mountain, but also because the garden specialises in South Africa's indigenous plants. The garden is located only 13 km from the city centre of Cape Town.

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South Africa has some of the best Golf Courses in the World!

Our Courses range from courses designed by Golf Legends like Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus and Ernie Els, to the most scenic courses where you can play golf next to the Indian Ocean or in the Kruger National Park where the Big Five share the green!

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World Heritage Sites

South Africa is home to eight of the world's official heritage sites, as determined by Unesco's World Heritage Committee.

The committee seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of "outstanding value to humanity".

Internationally, there are 851 World Heritage sites in 141 countries (as of April 2008). South Africa has a total of eight - four cultural, three natural and one mixed (cultural and natural) site.

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The Garden Route

The Cape Garden Route is a mix of modern golf courses, ancient forests, secluded artist communities, retirement estates, modern malls, craft centres, mountain hideaways and beach holidays. A large number of interesting and creative people have come to live down here, drawn to this magnificent stretch of coastline.

The main arterial highway of the Garden Route in South Africa - a highlight on most visitors' itineraries - is the N2 stretch running from Heidelberg in the southern Cape to Storms River Village on the Eastern Cape border.

Sun City

Bordering onto the Pilanesberg National Park (where you can see the Big Five, Lions, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Leopard and Buffalo!), Sun City is an experience that you shouldn't miss!

From the most luxurious "Palace of the Lost City" hotel to the much more reasonably priced Cascades, there is a great time to be had at this entertainment center!

At Sun City you can have a truly African Safari experience, play all night at the casino, play golf at three of the best courses in the world and laze in the sun on the beach at the "Valley of the Waves"!

The Sun City theme park in the North West province is part of the Sun City resort and entertainment complex, offering a myriad of leisure and recreation options for the entire family. Stay a day or week - you will never be bored.

An iconic complex known worldwide for its exotic entertainment options, the Sun City theme park is more a mini-city than park, boasting so many attractions and entertainment options that first-time visitors may find it all a little bewildering.

Walking Safari in the heart of Africa

Imagine......waking up at the crack of dawn to the sound of a multitude of birds where the smell of nature fill all your sences, and a hot cup of coffee to get you going before you venture off into the unknown wilderness.

Your experienced game tracker leads you deep into the heart of the bush, carefully making your way through the lush bush, pointing out the many signs of wildlife, - spoor of a lion that passed here in the night, on a hunt, elephant tracks, a herd of 10 or more must have been just here, where are they now? And your heart is pumping with excitement and fear……..

As you move on, you hear the crackle of leaves, and there they are.... grazing under a grove of sausage trees. You hang back, making sure the wind doesn't bring the smell of you to them. Just watch....... See how they pull the bark from the tree, see the matriarchal mother lead the herd a little further, you creep slowly behind. Without breathing……

Your guide tells you many stories of the ways of elephants in their natural environment. You walk a little closer, keeping low and out of sight. Suddenly one looks up.......sniffs the air with her long trunk, lets out a long eerie trumpet as she senses the presence of humans. They turn and disappear from sight in seconds. The moment when you know, how small we human are in this wonder of nature.

Just then a troop of baboons appear, picking at the elephant dung for seeds. A flock of crowned cranes fly overhead and land at the edge of a nearby lagoon. A crocodile lunges from the water and sinks below. Two buffalo come down to drink, the crocodile emerges again and they're off.

To book a walking safari, browse through the different options My South African Tour has on offer from a few hours to a couple of days.

This unique experience is for the astute nature lover. The person who wants to feel the closeness with nature you can only feel in Africa.

Robben Island

Declared a World Heritage Site in 1999 and housing a world-class museum, it is here that Nelson Mandela and other anti-apartheid activists were incarcerated.

This bean-shaped island is situated in Table Bay with superb views over Cape Town. Its high point is only 30 metres above sea level at Minto Hill, atop which is the oldest lighthouse in the southern hemisphere.

V&A Waterfront

The Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, built on top of part of the docks of the Port of Cape Town, is one of the city's most popular shopping venues, with several hundred shops and the Two Oceans Aquarium. Part of the charm of the V&A, as it is locally known, is that the Port continues to operate and visitors can watch ships enter and leave. The V&A also hosts the Nelson Mandela Gateway, through which ferries depart for Robben Island. It is possible to take a ferry from the V&A to Hout Bay, Simon's Town and the Cape Fur Seal colonies on Seal and Duiker Islands.

Cape Town

Cape Town is not only the most popular international tourist destination in South Africa, it is Africa's main tourist destination even overtaking Cairo. This is due to its good climate, natural setting, and relatively well-developed infrastructure. The city has several well-known natural features that attract tourists, most notably Table Mountain, which forms a large part of the Table Mountain National Park and is the back end of the City Bowl. Reaching the top of the mountain can be achieved either by hiking up, or by taking the Table Mountain Cableway. Cape Point is recognised as the dramatic headland at the end of the Cape Peninsula. Many tourists also drive along Chapman's Peak Drive, a narrow road that links Noordhoek with Hout Bay, for the views of the Atlantic Ocean and nearby mountains. It is possible to either drive or hike up Signal Hill for closer views of the City Bowl and Table Mountain.

Many tourists also visit Cape Town's beaches, which are popular with local residents. Due to the city's unique geography, it is possible to visit several different beaches in the same day, each with a different setting and atmosphere. Beaches located on the Atlantic Coast tend to have very cold water from the Benguela current which originates from the Southern Ocean. The water at False Bay beaches is often warmer by up to 10 °C (18 °F). Both coasts are equally popular, although the beaches in affluent Clifton and elsewhere on the Atlantic Coast are better developed with restaurants and cafés, with a particularly vibrant strip of restaurants and bars accessible to the beach at Camps Bay. Boulders Beach near Simon's Town is known for its colony of African penguins. Surfing is popular and the city hosts the Red Bull Big Wave Africa surfing competition every year.

Cape Town's Table Mountain

Table Mountain in South Africa reaches 1 086 m at its highest point - Maclear's Beacon - and rises above the coastal city of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province, offering stunning views over both the ocean and the city. The flat-topped sandstone natural attraction is approximately 3 km long and is one of the only mountains in the world that is nearly entirely encompassed by a metropolitan area.

Table Mountain, which nestles in South Africa’s Cape Town, is renowned for its natural beauty. Spectacular views of the ocean and city and its biodiverse fauna and flora make it a must-see natural attraction. The mountain can be explored on foot via walking trails of varying difficulty or by taking the Cableway to the summit.

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Drakensberg

The Drakensberg mountains of South Africa or uKhahlamba (the Barrier of Spears) is a 200-kilometre-long mountainous wonderland and world heritage site. The largest proportion of the Drakensberg area falls in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

The Zulu people named it 'Ukhahlamba' and the Dutch Voortrekkers 'The Dragon Mountain'. The Drakensberg Mountains, with their awe-inspiring basalt cliffs, snowcapped in winter, tower over riverine bush, lush yellowwood forests and cascading waterfalls, form a massive barrier separating KwaZulu-Natal from the Kingdom of Lesotho. The only road access to the Drakensberg is via Sani Pass, which at the top, boasts the highest pub on Africa, 3 000 metres above sea level.